Application of plasma-treated water for fresh-cut lettuce sanitation on industrial scale: evaluation of important safety aspectsNonthermal plasma-treated water (PTW) has emerged as a promising area of research, particularly in the food sector, where it shows potential for fresh food sanitation via wash-water processes. When compared to commonly used strong oxidizing sanitizers, only compressed or ambient air and energy are required to generate plasma processed air (PPA), which produces PTW if combined with process or tap water. This excluded hazardous chemical storage and allows dosage and processing on demand. Ozonated water generation would be a comparable process; however, ozone cannot be cycled for reuse because of its instability. Despite the antimicrobial potential of PTW for sanitation, there are only a few publications on its toxicological aspects in the processing of fresh foods. However, this data is urgently needed to drive customer and industry acceptance as well as to address legal application requests. Our study aimed to assess the potential toxic effects of PTW used within an industrial washing process of ready-to-eat (RTE) lettuce (mix of endive, frisée and radicchio) for food hygienizsation including cytotoxicity (XTT-assay with cell lines Caco-2, V79-4, and L929), mutagenicity (Ames-test), and genotoxicity (comet and micronucleus assays). PTW was prepared within 3.5 h (200 L) from tap water using a microwave discharge until reaching a final pH value below 2. The fresh-cut lettuce was washed either with regular process water or with process water supplemented with PTW, both under standard industrial conditions. After washing, no toxicological effects were detected in lettuce washed with or without the addition of PTW in the process water when compared to unwashed fresh-cut lettuce. The results of the presented study demonstrated that PTW supplementation of process water could be used as a potential sanitation agent.

]]>food sanitationPlasma treated watertoxicology assaysDecontamination, Plasma in Liquids0265803e-2c41-4269-959e-0991a9276d6d2026-06-08T01:00:00+02:002026-06-08T08:48:06+02:00enINPApplication of plasma-treated water for fresh-cut lettuce sanitation - XTT assay on Caco-2 cellsData table containing the results of the cytotoxicity assay based on metabolic reduction of XTT sodium salt in Caco-2 cells, treated with digested lettuce after PTW washing.
The first column contains the digested lettuce extract concentrations.
The second column contains the cell viability in % without any additives.
The third column contains the standard deviations of the cell viabilities listed in column two.
The fourth column contains the cell viability in % after adding a 50-50 mix of tapwater (TW) and plasma treated tap water (PTW).
The fifth column contains the standard deviations of the cell viabilities listed in column four.
The sixth column contains the cell viability in % after adding a 20-80 mix of TW and PTW.
The seventh column contains the standard deviations of the cell viabilities listed in column six.
The eighth column contains the cell viability in % after the addition of TW.
The ninth column contains the standard deviations of the cell viabilities listed in column eight.
The tenth column contains the cell viability in % for the extraction control.
The eleventh column contains the standard deviations of the cell viabilities listed in column ten.

]]>2026-05-27T17:19:29+02:002026-06-08T08:40:01+02:00text/csvcsv214https://www.inptdat.de/dataset/application-plasma-treated-water-fresh-cut-lettuce-sanitation-industrial-scale-evaluation-0Application of plasma-treated water for fresh-cut lettuce sanitation - XTT assay on V79-4 cellsData table containing the results of the cytotoxicity assay based on metabolic reduction of XTT sodium salt in V79-4 cells, treated with digested lettuce after PTW washing.
The first column contains the digested lettuce extract concentrations.
The second column contains the cell viability in % without any additives.
The third column contains the standard deviations of the cell viabilities listed in column two.
The fourth column contains the cell viability in % after adding a 50-50 mix of tapwater (TW) and plasma treated tap water (PTW).
The fifth column contains the standard deviations of the cell viabilities listed in column four.
The sixth column contains the cell viability in % after adding a 20-80 mix of TW and PTW.
The seventh column contains the standard deviations of the cell viabilities listed in column six.
The eighth column contains the cell viability in % after the addition of TW.
The ninth column contains the standard deviations of the cell viabilities listed in column eight.
The tenth column contains the cell viability in % for the extraction control.
The eleventh column contains the standard deviations of the cell viabilities listed in column ten.

]]>2026-05-27T17:20:14+02:002026-06-08T08:40:01+02:00text/csvcsv214https://www.inptdat.de/dataset/application-plasma-treated-water-fresh-cut-lettuce-sanitation-industrial-scale-evaluation-1Application of plasma-treated water for fresh-cut lettuce sanitation - XTT assay on L929 cellsData table containing the results of the cytotoxicity assay based on metabolic reduction of XTT sodium salt in L929 cells, treated with digested lettuce after PTW washing.
The first column contains the digested lettuce extract concentrations.
The second column contains the cell viability in % without any additives.
The third column contains the standard deviations of the cell viabilities listed in column two.
The fourth column contains the cell viability in % after adding a 50-50 mix of tapwater (TW) and plasma treated tap water (PTW).
The fifth column contains the standard deviations of the cell viabilities listed in column four.
The sixth column contains the cell viability in % after adding a 20-80 mix of TW and PTW.
The seventh column contains the standard deviations of the cell viabilities listed in column six.
The eighth column contains the cell viability in % after the addition of TW.
The ninth column contains the standard deviations of the cell viabilities listed in column eight.
The tenth column contains the cell viability in % for the extraction control.
The eleventh column contains the standard deviations of the cell viabilities listed in column ten.

]]>2026-05-27T17:20:50+02:002026-06-08T08:40:01+02:00text/csvcsv206https://www.inptdat.de/dataset/application-plasma-treated-water-fresh-cut-lettuce-sanitation-industrial-scale-evaluation-2Application of plasma-treated water for fresh-cut lettuce sanitation - Micronucleus assay with 50% PTW, without S9 and short exposureData table containing micronuclei (MN) counts as genotoxic indicator in V79-4 cells after short exposure treatment with digested lettuce (conditions: 50% PTW) without metabolic activation (S9).
The first column contains the sample identifiers.
The second column contains the increase in micronuclei per 1000 cells.
The last column contains the standard deviation for the counted MN/1000 cells from column two.

]]>2026-05-27T17:23:58+02:002026-06-08T08:40:01+02:00text/csvcsv283https://www.inptdat.de/dataset/application-plasma-treated-water-fresh-cut-lettuce-sanitation-industrial-scale-evaluation-3Application of plasma-treated water for fresh-cut lettuce sanitation - Micronucleus assay with 50% PTW, S9 and short exposureData table containing micronuclei (MN) counts as genotoxic indicator in V79-4 cells after short exposure treatment with digested lettuce (conditions: 50% PTW) and metabolic activation (S9).
The first column contains the sample identifiers.
The second column contains the increase in micronuclei per 1000 cells.
The last column contains the standard deviation for the counted MN/1000 cells from column two.

]]>2026-05-27T17:24:31+02:002026-06-08T08:40:01+02:00text/csvcsv295https://www.inptdat.de/dataset/application-plasma-treated-water-fresh-cut-lettuce-sanitation-industrial-scale-evaluation-4Application of plasma-treated water for fresh-cut lettuce sanitation - Micronucleus assay with 50% PTW, without S9 and long exposureData table containing micronuclei (MN) counts as genotoxic indicator in V79-4 cells after long exposure treatment with digested lettuce (conditions: 50% PTW) without metabolic activation (S9).
The first column contains the sample identifiers.
The second column the increase in micronuclei per 1000 cells.
The last column contains the standard deviation for the counted MN/1000 cells from column two.

]]>2026-05-27T17:25:04+02:002026-06-08T08:40:01+02:00text/csvcsv285https://www.inptdat.de/dataset/application-plasma-treated-water-fresh-cut-lettuce-sanitation-industrial-scale-evaluation-5Application of plasma-treated water for fresh-cut lettuce sanitation - Comet assay with 50% PTW, without S9Data table containing the results of the Comet assay, which detects DNA strand breaks as genotoxic indicator, in Caco-2 cells after treatment with digested lettuce (conditions: 50% PTW) without metabolic activation (S9).
The first column contains the sample identifiers.
The second column contains the measured tail intensities of the Comet assay in %.
The last column contains the standard deviation of the measured tail intensities from column two.

]]>2026-05-27T17:25:39+02:002026-06-08T08:40:01+02:00text/csvcsv221https://www.inptdat.de/dataset/application-plasma-treated-water-fresh-cut-lettuce-sanitation-industrial-scale-evaluation-6Application of plasma-treated water for fresh-cut lettuce sanitation - Comet assay with 50% PTW, with S9Data table containing the results of the Comet assay, which detects DNA strand breaks as genotoxic indicator, in Caco-2 cells after treatment with digested lettuce (conditions: 50% PTW) with metabolic activation (S9).
The first column contains the sample identifiers.
The second column contains the measured tail intensities of the Comet assay in %.
The last column contains the standard deviation of the measured tail intensities from column two.

]]>2026-05-27T17:26:16+02:002026-06-08T08:40:01+02:00text/csvcsv205https://www.inptdat.de/dataset/application-plasma-treated-water-fresh-cut-lettuce-sanitation-industrial-scale-evaluation-7Application of plasma-treated water for fresh-cut lettuce sanitation - Ames test tablesReport for the detection of mutagenicity of digested lettuce in different concentrations in dependency of washing with tap water or plasma treated water by Ames assay with Salmonella thyphimurium strains. The tables contain the average of the counted colonies and their standard deviation. The colony counts representing the amount of reversion events. Green cells represent non-mutagenic events and white cells represent mutagenic events.

]]>2026-05-27T17:28:00+02:002026-06-08T08:40:01+02:00application/pdfpdf565580https://www.inptdat.de/dataset/application-plasma-treated-water-fresh-cut-lettuce-sanitation-industrial-scale-evaluation-8DKANhttps://www.inptdat.de